class C {
   public $x = 1;
   function __construct() { 
      ++$this->x;
   }
   function __invoke() {
      return ++$this->x; 
   }
   function __toString() {
      return (string) --$this->x;
   }
}
$obj = new C();
echo $obj();
                    

                        
var_dump(boolval(new StdClass()));
                    

                        
$str = '✔ one of the following'; 
echo str_replace('✔', 'Check', $str);
                    

                        
echo 0x33, ' monkeys sit on ', 011, ' trees.';
                    

                        
class test {
  public $value = 0;
  
  function test() {
    $this->value = 1;
  }   
  function __construct() {
    $this->value = 2;
  }
}
$object = new test();
echo $object->value;
                    

                        
var_dump(boolval([]));
                    

                        
$a = array('a', 'b', 'c');
$a = array_keys(array_flip($a));
                    

                        
$array = array("Sue","Mary","John","Anna");
                    

                        
$string = 'Good luck!';
$start = 10;
var_dump(substr($string, $start));
                    

                        
for ($i = 0; $i < 1.02; $i += 0.17) {
  $a[$i] = $i;
} 
echo count($a);
                    

                        
$a = array(0, 1, 2 => array(3, 4));
$a[3] = array(4, 5);
echo count($a, 1);
                    

                        
var_dump(boolval(-1));
                    

                        
function increment($val) {
  ++$val;
}
$val = 1; 
increment ($val); 
echo $val;
                    

                        
echo "22" + "0.2", 23 . 1;
                    

                        
namespace MyFramework\DB;
class MyClass {
   static function myName() {
      return __METHOD__;
  }
}
print MyClass::myName();
                    

                        
$world = 'world';
echo <<<'TEXT'
hello $world
TEXT;
                    

                        
$data = '$la2';
$count = strlen($data);
                    

                        
$a = array(true, '0' => false, false => true);
                    

                        
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1');
echo '✂✔✝';
                    

                        
md5(rand(), TRUE);
                    

                        
$f = function () {
    return "hello";
}; 
echo gettype($f);
                    

                        
function increment (&$val) {
  return $val + 1;
}
$a = 1;
echo increment ($a);
echo increment ($a);
                    

                        
define('PI', 3.14);
class T {
   const PI = PI;
}
class Math {
   const PI = T::PI;
}
echo Math::PI;
                    

                        
$test = '/etc/conf.d/wireless';
substr($test, strrpos($test, '/')); // note that strrpos() is being called, and NOT strpos()
                    

                        
strpos("me myself and I", "m", 2);
                    

                        
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<foo>
  <bar>
    <baz id="1">One</baz>
    <baz id="2">Two</baz>
  </bar>
</foo>
                    

                        
abstract class Graphics {
    abstract function draw($im, $col);
}
abstract class Point1 extends Graphics {
    public $x, $y;
    
    function __construct($x, $y) {
        $this->x = $x;
        $this->y = $y;
    }
    function draw($im, $col) {
        ImageSetPixel($im, $this->x, $this->y, $col);
    }
}     
class Point2 extends Point1 { }
abstract class Point3 extends Point2 { }
                    

                        

<form method="post">
  <select name="list">
    <option>one</option>
    <option>two</option>
    <option>three</option>
  </select>
 </form>
 
                    

                        
function append($str){
   $str = $str.'append';
}
function prepend(&$str) {
   $str = 'prepend'.$str;
}
$string = 'zce';
append(prepend($string));
echo $string;
                    

                        
printf('%010.6f', 22);
                    

                        
function fibonacci (&$x1 = 0, &$x2 = 1) {
    $result = $x1 + $x2;
    $x1 = $x2;
    $x2 = $result;
    return $result;
}     
for ($i = 0; $i <10; $i++) {
     echo fibonacci() . ','; 
}
                    

                        
class Test {
   public $var = 1;
}
function addMe(Test $t) {
  $t->var++;
}
$t = new Test();
addMe($t);
echo $t->var;
                    

                        
function increment ($val) {
  $_GET['m'] = (int) $_GET['m'] + 1;
}
$_GET['m'] = 1;
echo $_GET['m'];
                    

                        
<form method="post">
  <input type="checkbox" name="accept" /> 
</form>
                    

                        
function ratio ($x1 = 10, $x2) {
     if (isset ($x2)) {
	return $x2 / $x1;
    }
} 
echo ratio (0);
                    

                        
$text = 'This is text';
$text1 = <<<'TEXT'
$text
TEXT;
$text2 = <<<TEXT
$text1
TEXT; 
echo "$text2";
                    

                        
echo '1' . (print '2') + 3;
                    

                        
echo strtr('Apples and bananas', 'ae', 'ea');
                    

                        
echo "1" + 2 * "0x02";
                    

                        
1 ^ 2
                    

                        
$a = array(28, 15, 77, 43);
                    

                        
$pieces = explode("/", "///");
                    

                        
$a = 3;
switch ($a) {
   case 1:	echo 'one';
   break;
   case 2:	echo 'two';
   break;
   default:	echo 'four';
   break;
   case 3:	echo 'three';
   break;
}
                    

                        
  id	name           email
-------------------------------------
  1	anna     alpha@example.com
  2	betty    beta@example.org
  3	clara    gamma@example.net
  5	sue      sigma@example.info


PHP code (assume the PDO connection is correctly established):

$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=exam';
$user = 'username';
$pass = '********';
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);
$cmd = "SELECT name, email FROM users LIMIT 1";
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($cmd);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_BOTH);
$row = $result[0];
                    

                        
<?xml version '1.0'>
<document>
  <bar>
    <foo>Value</foo>
  </bar>
</document>
                    

                        
//test.php:
include "MyString.php"; 
print ","; 
print strlen("Hello world!"); 
//MyString.php:
namespace MyFramework\String; 
function strlen($str) { 
  return \strlen($str)*2; 	// return double the string length 
}
print strlen("Hello world!");
                    

                        
$a = 'a'; 
$b = 'b';
echo isset($c) ? $A.$B.$c : ($c = 'c').'d';
                    

                        
$first = "second";
$second = "first";
echo $$$first;
                    

                        
  id	name            email
-------------------------------------
  1	anna      alpha@example.com
  2	betty     beta@example.org
  3	clara     gamma@example.net
  5	sue       sigma@example.info


PHP code (assume the PDO connection is correctly established):

$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=exam';
$user = 'username';
$pass = '********';
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);
try {
  $cmd = "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (:id, :name, :email)";
  $stmt = $pdo->prepare($cmd);
  $stmt->bindValue('id', 1);
  $stmt->bindValue('name', 'anna');
  $stmt->bindValue('email', 'alpha@example.com');
  $stmt->execute();
  echo "Success!";
} catch (PDOException $e) {
  echo "Failure!";
  throw $e;
}
                    

                        
function increment ($val) {
  $val = $val + 1;
}
$val = 1;
increment($val);
echo $val;
                    

                        
class T {
   const A = 42 + 1;
}
echo T::A;